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This is one of the greatest chapters in the word of God. It is in this chapter that we see outlined for all of us one of the great themes of the Bible - the Blood Atonement. If you will grasp this truths of this chapter, you will understand more of the Bible than most of the so-called "theologians" of the world. It is in this chapter that we find the beginning of Israel's religious calendar, the first of the months, the lamb of God, the picture of the "Passion Week," the sacrifice of Passover commencing, the feast of unleavened bread, the picture of the judgment of God on those not protected by the blood, and many, many other themes. There are 51 verses in this chapter and it may take us 51 weeks to get through it. (Just kidding) Certainly, this is one of the preeminent portions of Scripture to be found. There are so many things to discuss as we go through this chapter. None will ever be able to plumb the depths of the lessons to learn from studying Exodus 12.
According to Ussher's Chronology of the Bible, these events occurred 1491 years before the actual crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Details listed in this chapter depict His passion so minutely that only the hand of God could have arranged the circumstances. Just trying to outline these events will be demanding upon this feeble brain. Please pray with me to be able to get through the chapter with some particle of order and decorum.
- I. The Beginning of Months. Verses 1-2.
This first month is named Nisan or Abib. Roughly corresponds to our March - April. It is the first month of Israel's 12 month religious calendar. Always started on the first new moon after the blossoming of the Almond trees in the Springtime of the year. After the exile and in the modern era the calendar months are determined in a different manner. The pre-exilic religious monthly calendar is as follows:
Jewish Month |
Approximate Month |
Scripture References | Jewish Feasts |
|
1 |
Nisan |
March -April |
Exodus 12:2, 13:4; Deuteronomy 16:1 |
Passover Unleavened Bread Firstfruits |
2 |
Iyyar or Zif |
April- May |
1 Kings 6:1, 37 | |
3 |
Sivan |
May - June |
Esther 8:9 | Pentecost |
4 |
Tammuz |
June - July |
Ezekiel 8:14 | |
5 |
Av |
July - August |
||
6 |
Elul |
August - September |
Nehemiah 6:15 | |
7 |
Ethanim or Tishri |
September - October (Civil Calendar starts) |
1 Kings 8:2 | Rosh-ha-Shanah (New Year) Trumpets Atonement or Yom Kippur Tabernacles |
8 |
Cheshvan or Bul |
October - November |
1 Kings 6:38 | |
9 |
Kislev |
November - December |
Nehemiah 1:1; Zechariah 7:1 | |
10 |
Tevet |
December - January |
Esther 2:16 | Hannukkah |
11 |
Shevat |
January - February |
Zechariah 1:7 | |
12 |
Adar |
February - March |
Ezra 6:15 and Esther | Purim |
The spellings of the above words are transliterated from the Hebrew language and may not always agree in spelling with the way they are transliterated into the English language. See Nehemiah 1:1 where the word Chisleu occurs. It is the eight month also spelled Kislev. Under the heading "Jewish Feasts" we have listed and underlined the seven primary feasts as found in Leviticus 23. In the small black letters we list three other very important feasts celebrated by the Jewish people over the centuries. Rosh-ha-Shanah (New Year), Channukkah, and the Feast of Purim are all mentioned in the Scriptures but are not listed in Leviticus 23 where the seven primary feasts are described.
Because the Biblical month was 30 days (Genesis 7 & 8), but the lunar month was only 29 ½ days, the Jewish people interjected a 13th month about every 3 years. This served the purpose of making the solar year correspond to the lunar year. This allowed the feasts to be observed at the proper seasons. These leap years of 13 months occurred 4 years out of every 11 years of their calendar. They would interject a second month Adar (Wa-adar). In pre-exilic times their monthly calendar was not very accurate. Since a lunar month is actually 29 ½ days (the amount of time for the moon to make one revolution around the earth), trying to live a 30 day month would become difficult. Another complication would be the varying length of daylight hours between Summer and Winter. I cannot prove this, but I think that God's perfect month of 30 days was corrupted by the fall. I believe that it disturbed the rotation of the earth and made the days of the lunar and solar years different. There have been many people who have tried to get the years and dates straightened out since these days mentioned here in the Bible, but I believe that only God will be able to bring everything back to order when the Lord Jesus comes again.
Scriptures Referenced with the exception of whole chapters:
Exodus 12:2 This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. Back
Exodus 13:4 This day came ye out in the month Abib. Back
Deuteronomy 16:1 Observe the month of Abib, and keep the passover unto the LORD thy God: for in the month of Abib the LORD thy God brought thee forth out of Egypt by night. Back
1 Kings 6:1 And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel, in the month Zif, which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD. Back
1 Kings 6:37-38
37 In the fourth year was the foundation of the house of the LORD laid, in the month Zif:
38 And in the eleventh year, in the month Bul, which is the eighth month, was the house finished throughout all the parts thereof, and according to all the fashion of it. So was he seven years in building it. Back1 Kings 8:2 And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto king Solomon at the feast in the month Ethanim, which is the seventh month. Back
Ezra 6:15 And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king. Back
Nehemiah 1:1 The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah. And it came to pass in the month Chisleu, in the twentieth year, as I was in Shushan the palace, Back
Nehemiah 6:15 So the wall was finished in the twenty and fifth day of the month Elul, in fifty and two days. Back
Esther 2:16 So Esther was taken unto king Ahasuerus into his house royal in the tenth month, which is the month Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign. Back
Esther 8:9 Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces which are from India unto Ethiopia, an hundred twenty and seven provinces, unto every province according to the writing thereof, and unto every people after their language, and to the Jews according to their writing, and according to their language. Back
Ezekiel 8:14 Then he brought me to the door of the gate of the LORD'S house which was toward the north; and, behold, there sat women weeping for Tammuz. Back
Zechariah 1:7 Upon the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month, which is the month Sebat, in the second year of Darius, came the word of the LORD unto Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo the prophet, saying, Back
Zechariah 7:1 And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth month, even in Chisleu; Back